Parinacota is a stratified volcano located in the Lauca National Park in northern Chile, close to the border with Bolivia. Together with its Bolivian twin, the volcano Pomerape, massif, the Payachatas, an emblematic feature of the Central Andes. Its snow-capped, almost symmetrical summit dominates the Chilean Altiplano landscape.

Key facts

• Altitude : 6 342 m
• Type Andesitic stratovolcano
• Location Arica and Parinacota region, Chile
• Last eruption approx. 290 AD (estimated dating)
• Volcanic twin : Pomerape

Formation and geology

Parinacota was formed above a subduction zone where the Nazca plate slides beneath the South American plate. Its near-perfect cone is the result of repeated explosive eruptions of andesitic and dacitic lava. A major eruption in the past caused the western flank to collapse, creating a vast debris field stretching for dozens of kilometers.

Natural environment

Located in Lauca National Park, the volcano overlooks Lake Chungará and is part of a high-altitude Andean ecosystem home to vicuñas, Andean flamingos and various endemic species. The area is recognized as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, combining volcanic landscapes, glacial lagoons and fauna adapted to the aridity of the Altiplano.

Cultural and tourist importance

Parinacota is a geographical and cultural symbol for the Andean peoples of the Arica and Parinacota region. It attracts hikers, photographers and mountaineers, although its ascent requires technical preparation and acclimatization to the altitude. The volcano is also a striking visual landmark, visible from both sides of the Chilean-Bolivian border.